Please note that Virtual and Physical Prototyping converted to a full Open Access journal from Volume 18 (2023). Previous volumes will continue to provide access through a Pay to Read model.

Virtual and Physical Prototyping is online only. We welcome authors to submit supplementary data sets, colour images, animation and videos to publish with your articles to enhance the content experience of the journal.

Virtual and Physical Prototyping provides an international forum for professionals and academics to exchange novel ideas and disseminate knowledge covering the full range of activities related to the multi-disciplinary area of virtual and rapid prototyping.

The scope of VPP includes:

• Design for additive manufacturing: topological optimisation, lightweight, biomimetic design, functionally graded structures, etc.
• 4D printing: smart materials, shape memory polymers/alloys, deployable structures, etc.
• Multi-material printing: 3D printing of multiple metals, polymers, ceramics, composites, etc.
• Hybrid manufacturing: combination of additive and subtractive technologies
• Functional 3D printing: functional design, functional prototyping, etc.
• As well as the following topics:
• CAD and 3D data acquisition technologies
• Quality control and AM standards
• Bioprinting and biofabrication
• Concrete printing
• Advancements in additive manufacturing processes
• New process for additive manufacturing
• New material formulations and composite materials
• Processing of materials in additive manufacturing
• Heterogeneous design in additive manufacturing
• Novel applications of additive manufacturing
• Metamaterial 3D printing
• Embedded 3D printed electronics
• Food 3D printing
• Ceramics printing
• Aerogels 3D printing
• Composite materials printing (specific to AM)
• Auxetic structures (specific to AM)
• Recycling of printing materials
• 3D printing of photonics, optics, and optoelectronics
• Wood 3D printing
• Postprocessing of additive manufacturing (e.g. heat treatment, HIP, surface treatment)
• Data analytics, machine learning, artificial intelligence (specific to AM)
• Safety, health issues (specific to AM)
• Nano-, micro- and meso-3D printing
• Alloy design via additive manufacturing
• Smart manufacturing via AM
• Predictive modelling for additive manufacturing
• Nature-inspired designs via AM
• Miscellaneous: e-manufacturing/Internet of things, legal perspectives, economics, social and environmental implications, sustainability, circular economy, case studies, etc. (specific to AM)

All published research articles in this journal have undergone rigorous peer review, based on initial editor screening and anonymous refereeing by independent expert referees.